Articles | Volume 71, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-123-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-123-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A pedo-geomorphological view on land use and its potential in the surroundings of the ancient Hispano-Roman city Munigua (Seville, SW Spain)
André Kirchner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, University of Hildesheim,
Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
Nico Herrmann
Department of Soil Protection and Soil Survey, State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology of Lower Saxony (LBEG), Stilleweg 2, 30655,
Hanover, Germany
Paul Matras
Department of Geography, University of Hildesheim,
Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
Iris Müller
Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Am
Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
Julia Meister
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Am
Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
Thomas G. Schattner
Madrid Department, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), C. Serrano 159, 28002, Madrid, Spain
Related authors
No articles found.
Gilles Rixhon, Julia Meister, and Ingmar Unkel
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 147–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article is the preface of the special issue "Quaternary research in times of change – inspired by INQUA Roma 2023". It is a result of the XXI INQUA Congress held in Rome in July 2023. It briefly presents the nine contributions published in this volume.
Fernando Leceta, Christoph Binder, Christian Mader, Bertil Mächtle, Erik Marsh, Laura Dietrich, Markus Reindel, Bernhard Eitel, and Julia Meister
SOIL, 10, 727–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores pre-Hispanic terrace agriculture in the southern Peruvian Andes, focusing on soil development and agricultural impacts. It examines soil types and properties, as well as agricultural practices, and traces the region's agricultural development over four phases, highlighting the resilience of ancient communities. The abandonment of terraces was not due to soil degradation, emphasizing the sustainability of pre-Hispanic practices and the adaptation to environmental change.
Philipp Garbe, Amr Abd El-Raouf, Ashraf Es-Senussi, Eva Lange-Athinodorou, and Julia Meister
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 73, 95–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-95-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-95-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Geoarchaeological research in ancient Bubastis has concentrated on the western and central parts of the city. Although the “Temple of Hermes” was investigated and roughly located in eastern Bubastis during exploratory excavations in the 19th century, no traces of the temple can be seen on the surface today. Geomorphological surveys carried out in 2023 to determine the possible location of the temple revealed a central area of elevated sandy deposits, providing a suitable area for the building.
Julia Meister, Hans von Suchodoletz, and Christian Zeeden
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 185–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-185-2023, 2023
Tobias Ullmann, Eric Möller, Roland Baumhauer, Eva Lange-Athinodorou, and Julia Meister
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 243–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution we highlight as an example the application of a freely available tool for the Google Earth Engine. The software allows cloud-free satellite images to be processed. We show processing examples for the Nile Delta (Egypt) and how the remote sensing images are used to find hints of buried landforms, such as former river branches of the Nile.
Julia Meister, Eva Lange-Athinodorou, and Tobias Ullmann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 187–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is the preface to the special issue "Geoarchaeology of the Nile Delta: Current Research and Future Prospects", which brings together geoarchaeological case studies from different regions of the Nile Delta.
Sascha Scherer, Benjamin Höpfer, Katleen Deckers, Elske Fischer, Markus Fuchs, Ellen Kandeler, Jutta Lechterbeck, Eva Lehndorff, Johanna Lomax, Sven Marhan, Elena Marinova, Julia Meister, Christian Poll, Humay Rahimova, Manfred Rösch, Kristen Wroth, Julia Zastrow, Thomas Knopf, Thomas Scholten, and Peter Kühn
SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to reconstruct Middle Bronze Age (MBA) land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland (SW Germany, Hegau). We used a multi-proxy approach including biogeochemical proxies from colluvial deposits in the surroundings of a MBA settlement, on-site archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data and off-site pollen data. From our data we infer land use practices such as plowing, cereal growth, forest farming and use of fire that marked the beginning of major colluvial deposition.
Tobias Ullmann, Leon Nill, Robert Schiestl, Julian Trappe, Eva Lange-Athinodorou, Roland Baumhauer, and Julia Meister
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 225–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-225-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-225-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution highlights the use of Landsat archive data (1985–2019) for the detection of surface anomalies potentially related to buried near-surface paleogeomorphological deposits in the Nile Delta (Egypt). The analyses of selected spectral-temporal metrics showed several anomalies in the immediate surroundings of Pleistocene sand hills (geziras) and settlement mounds (tells) of the eastern Delta, which allowed mapping of the potential near-surface continuation.
Cited articles
Ad-hoc-AG Boden: Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 5th edn., Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 438 pp., ISBN 9783510959204, 2005.
Albert, R. M.: Study of ash layers through phytolith analyses from the
Middle Paleolithic levels of Kebara and Tabun caves, Universitat de
Barcelona, Barcelona, ISBN 9788459244265, 2000.
Albert, R. M. and Weiner, S.: Study of phytoliths in prehistoric ash layers
using a quantitative approach, in: Phytoliths, Applications in Earth
Sciences and Human History, edited by: Meunier, J. D. and Colin, F., A.A.
Balkema Publishers, Lisse, 251–266, ISBN 9789058093455, 2001.
Albert, R. M., Lavi, O., Estroff, L., Weiner, S., Tsatskin, A., Ronen, A., and Lev-Yadun, S.: Mode of occupation of Tabun Cave, Mt Carmel, Israel
during the Mousterian Period: a study of the sediments and phytoliths, J.
Archaeol. Sci., 26, 1249–1260, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0355, 1999.
Amelung, W., Blume, H.-P., Fleige, H., Horn, R., Kandeler, E.,
Kögel-Knabner, I., Kretzschmar, R., Stahr, K., and Wilke, B.-M.:
Scheffer/Schachtschabel: Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde, 17th edn., Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg, 750 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55871-3, 2018.
Bellin, N., Vanacker, V., and De Baets, S.: Anthropogenic and climatic impact
on Holocene sediment dynamics in SE Spain: A review, Quatern. Int., 308,
112–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.015, 2013.
Blázquez Martínez, J. M.: Estructura económica de la Bética
al final de la República romana y a comienzos del Imperio (años 72
a.C.–100 d.C.), Hispania, 27, 7–62, 1967.
Bleck, R.-D.: Zur Durchführung der Phosphatmethode, Ausgrabungen und
Funde, 10, 213–218, 1965.
Blume, H.-P., Stahr, K., and Leinweber, P.: Bodenkundliches Praktikum, 3rd edn., Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg 255 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2733-5, 2011.
Bockisch, G.: Essen und Trinken im alten Rom, Das Altertum, 34, 87–95,
1988.
Boessneck, J. and von den Driesch, A.: Knochenfunde aus dem römischen
Munigua (Mulva), Sierra Morena. Studien über frühe Knochenfunde von
der Iberischen Halbinsel, München Uni-Druck, 160–193, 1980.
Borden, W. R., Baillie, I. C., and Hallett, I. C.: The East African
contribution to the formalisation of the soil catena concept, Catena, 185,
104291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104291, 2020.
Bowman, A. and Wilson, A.: Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and
Approaches (Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy 1), Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 376 pp., https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562596.001.0001, 2009.
Bowman, A. and Wilson, A.: Settlement, Urbanization, and Population, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 362 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.001.0001, 2011.
Brown, A. G.: Alluvial Geoarchaeology. Floodplain Archaeology and
Environmental Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 377 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607820, 1997.
Brown, D. A.: Prospects and limits of a phytolith key for grasses in the
central United States, J. Archaeol. Sci., 11, 345–368,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(84)90016-5, 1984.
Cabanes, D., Weiner, S., and Shahack-Gross, R.: Stability of phytoliths in
the archaeological record: a dissolution study of modern and fossil
phytoliths, J. Archaeol. Sci., 38, 2480–2490,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.05.020, 2011.
Chic García, G.: Historia económica de la. Bética en la
época de Augusto, Padilla Libros, Sevilla, ISBN 84-89769-18-4, 1997.
Cummings, L. S.: Illustrated phytoliths from assorted food plants, in:
Phytolith Systematics: Emerging Issues, Advances in Archaeological and
Museum Science, edited by: Rapp Jr., G. and Mulholland, S. C., Springer
Science & Business Media, 175–192, ISBN 978-1489911575, 1992.
Demandt, A.: Geschichte der Spätantike: Das Römische Reich von
Diocletian bis Justinian 284–565 n. Chr., 2nd edn., C. H. Beck, München, 604 pp., ISBN 978-3-406-70032-3, 2008.
de Vries, H. and Barendsen, G. W.: Measurements of age by the carbon-14
technique, Nature, 174, 1138–1141, 1954.
Dietrich, L., Meister, J., Dietrich, O., Notroff, J., Kiep, J., Heeb, J.,
Beuger, A., and Schütt, B.: Cereal processing at Early Neolithic
Göbekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey, PLOS ONE, 14, e0215214,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215214, 2019.
DIN ISO 11277: Soil Quality – Determination of particle size distribution in
mineral soil material – method by sieving and sedimentation, Beuth, Berlin,
2002.
Dotterweich, M.: The history of soil erosion and fluvial deposits in small
catchments of Central Europe: deciphering the long-term interaction between
humans and the environment – a review, Geomorphology, 101, 192–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.023, 2008.
Dotterweich, M.: The history of human-induced soil erosion: Geomorphic
legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil
conservation – A global synopsis, Geomorphology, 201, 1–34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.021, 2013.
Eger, C.: Frühislamische Bestattungen in Munigua (Prov. Sevilla/E),
Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 46, 255–269, 2016.
Evans, D. M. and Hartemink, A. E.: Terra Rossa catenas in Wisconsin, USA,
Catena, 123, 148–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.07.007, 2014.
Faust, D. and Wolf, D.: Interpreting drivers of change in fluvial archives
of the Western Mediterranean – A critical view, Earth-Sci. Rev., 174,
53–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.011, 2017.
Flach, D.: Römische Agrargeschichte, C. H. Beck, München, 347 pp., ISBN 978-3-406-33989-9,
1990.
Frey, W. and Lösch, R.: Geobotanik. Pflanze und Vegetation in Raum und
Zeit, 3rd edn., Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg, 638 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2336-8, 2010.
García-Ruiz, J. M.: The effects of land use on soil erosion in Spain. A
review, Catena, 81, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.001, 2010.
García-Ruiz, J. M., Nadal-Romero, E., Lana-Renault, N., and
Beguería, S.: Erosion in Mediterranean landscapes. Changes and future
challenges, Geomorphology, 198, 20–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.05.023, 2013.
García Sanjuán, L., Luciañez Triviño, M., Schuhmacher, T.,
Wheatley, D., and Banerjee, A.: Ivory Craftsmanship, Trade and Social
Significance in the Southern Iberian Copper Age: The Evidence from the
PP4-Montelirio Sector of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain),
Eur. J. Archaeol., 16, 610–635, https://doi.org/10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000037, 2013.
Gerlach, G.: Zu Tisch bei den alten Römern: Eine Kulturgeschichte des
Essens und Trinkens, Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart, 112 pp., ISBN 978-3806213539, 2001.
Giner-Robles, J. L., Bardají, T., Rodríguez-Pascua, M. A., Silva,
P. G., Roquero, E., Elez, J., Perucha, M. A., Baena, R., Guerrero, I.,
Fernández-Caro, J. J., Pérez-López, R., and
Rodríguez-Escudero, E: Análisis arqueosismológico del conjunto
arqueológico romano de Mulva- Munigua (Sevilla, España), Geotemas,
16, 605–608, 2016.
Gómez-Zotano, J., Alcántara-Manzanares, J., Olmedo-Cobo, J.-A., and
Martínez-Ibarra, E.: La sistematiza-cíon del clima
mediterráneo: identificacíon. Clasificacíon y
caracterizacíon climática de Andalucía (España), Rev.
Geogr. Norte Gd., 61, 161–180, https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022015000200009, 2015.
Grünhagen, W.: Die Ausgrabungen des Terrassenheiligtums von Munigua, in:
Neue deutsche Ausgrabungen im Mittelmeergebiet und im Vorderen Orient,
edited by: Boehringer, E., 329–343, 1959.
Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, M., Goldberg, P., Martín Peinado, F. J.,
Schattner, T. G., Martini, W., Orfila, M., and Bashore Acero, C.: Melting,
bathing and melting again. Urban transformation processes of the Roman city
of Munigua: the public thermae, Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci., 11, 51–67,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0527-0, 2019.
Hajdas, I.: Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies, E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 57, 2–24, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.1, 2008.
Hanel, N.: Römische Öl- und Weinproduktion auf der Iberischen
Halbinsel am Beispiel von Munigua und Milreu, Madrider Mitteilungen, 30,
205–238, 1989.
Holliday, V. T. and Gartner, W. G.: Methods of soil P analysis in
archaeology, J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 301–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.05.004, 2007.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update
2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating
legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106, FAO, Rome, ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7,
2015.
Jahn, R., Blume, H.-P., Asio, V. B., Spaargaren, O., and Schad, P.:
Guidelines for soil description, FAO, Rome, 97 pp., ISBN 92-5-105521-1, 2006.
Joffre, R., Vacher, J., del los Llanos, C., and Long, G.: The Dehesa: an
agrosilvopastoral system of the Mediterranean region with special reference
to the Sierra Morena area of Spain, Agroforest Syst., 6, 71–96, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02220110, 1988.
Keay, S. and Earl, G.: Towns and Territories in Roman Baetica, in:
Settlement, Urbanization, and Population, edited by: Bowman, A., and Wilson, A., Oxford University Press, 276–316, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602353.001.0001, 2011.
Kittel, P.: Slope deposits as an indicator of anthropopressure in the light
of research in Central Poland, Quatern. Int., 324, 34–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.021, 2014.
Krug, A.: Mulva VI: Die Kleinfunde/ Los hallazgos menores, Madrider
Beiträge, 36, 436 pp., ISBN 978-3954902378, 2018.
Leopold, M. and Völkel, J.: Colluvium: definition, differentiation, and
possible suitability for reconstructing Holocene climate data, Quatern. Int.,
162–163, 133–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.030, 2007.
Madella, M. and Lancelotti, C.: Taphonomy and phytoliths: A user manual,
Quatern. Int., 275, 76–83, doi10.1016/j.quaint.2011.09.008, 2012.
Madella, M., Alexandre, A., and Ball, T.: International Code for Phytolith
Nomenclature 1.0, Ann. Bot., 96, 253–260, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci172, 2005.
May, S. M., Norpoth, M., Pint, A. Shumilovskikh, L., Raith, K., Brill, D.,
Rixhon, G., Moret, P. Jiménez-Vialás, H., Grau-Mira, I.,
García-Jiménez, I., Marzoli, D., León-Martín, C.,
Reicherter, K., and Brückner, H.: Mid- to late Holocene environmental
changes and human-environment interactions in the surroundings of La Silla
del Papa, SW Spain, Geoarchaeology, 36, 573–600, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21846, 2021.
Meister, J., Krause, J., Müller-Neuhof, B., Portillo, M., Reimann, T., and Schütt, B.: Desert agricultural systems at EBA Jawa (Jordan):
Integrating archaeological and paleoenvironmental records, Quatern. Int., 434, 33–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.086, 2017.
Meyer, C., Ullrich, B., and Barlieb C. D. M.: Archaeological Questions and
Geophysical Solutions: Ground-Penetrating Radar and Induced Polarization
Investigations in Munigua, Spain, Archaeol. Prospect., 14, 202–212,
https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.314, 2007.
Mohr, D., Cohnstaedt, L. D., and Topp, W.: Wild boar and red deer affect soil
nutrients and soil biota in steep oak stands of the Eifel, Soil Biol. Biochem., 37, 693–700, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.10.002, 2005.
Mulholland, S. C. and Rapp Jr., G.: A morphological classification of grass
silica-bodies, in: Phytolith Systematics: Emerging Issues, Advances in
Archaeological and Museum Science, edited by: Rapp Jr., G. and Mulholland,
S. C., Springer Science & Business Media, 65–89, ISBN 978-1489911575, 1992.
Neumann, K., Strömberg, C. A. E., Ball, T., Albert, R. M., Vrydaghs, L., and Cummings, L. S.: International code for phytolith nomenclature (ICPN)
2.0, Ann. Bot., 124, 189–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz064, 2019.
Nocete, F., Queipo, G., Sáez, R., Nieto, J. M., Inácio, N., Bayona,
M. R., Peramo, A., Vargas, J. M., Cruz-Auñón, R., Gil-Ibarguchi, J.
I., and Santos, J. F.: The Smelting Quarter of Valencina de la Concepción
(Seville, Spain): The Specialised Copper Industry in a Political Centre of
the Guadalquivir Valley During the Third Millennium BC (2750–2500 BC), J.
Archaeol. Sci., 35, 717–732, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.05.019, 2008.
Nocete, F., Sáez, R., Bayona, M. R., Peramo, A., Inacio, N., and Abril,
D.: Direct chronometry (14C AMS) of the earliest copper metallurgy in the
Guadalquivir Basin (Spain) during the third millennium BC: first regional
database, J. Archaeol. Sci., 38, 3278–3295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.07.008,
2011.
Nuñez, M. A. and Recio, J. M.: Holocene pedoenvironmental situations in
the eastern Sierra Morena region (Andújar, Spain), Quatern. Int., 93–94,
191–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00017-4, 2002.
Paneque, G. and Bellinfante, N.: Mediterranean brown forest soils of the
Sierra Morena (Spain), their micromorphology and petrography, in: Soil
Micromorphology, edited by: Jongerius, A., 189–200, ISBN 978-0444403254, 1964.
Peña Cervantes, Y.: Torcularia: la producción de vino y aceite en
Hispania, Tarragona: ICAC, Institut Català d'Arqueologia Clàssica,
284 pp., ISBN 978-84-937734-1-0, 2010.
Piperno, D. R.: Phytoliths: A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologists and
Paleoecologists, Rowman Altamira, Lanham, New York, Toronto, Oxford, 238 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756807003159, 2006.
Portillo, M., Kadowaki, S., Nishiaki, Y., and Albert, R. M.: Early Neolithic
household behavior at Tell Seker al-Aheimar (Upper Khabur, Syria): a
comparison to ethnoarchaeological study of phytoliths and dung spherulites,
J. Archaeol. Sci., 42, 107–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.10.038, 2014.
Recio Espejo, J. M., Faust, D., and Nuñez Granados, M. A.: The origin of the Sierra de
Aracena Hollows in the Sierra Morena, Huelva, Andalucia, Spain,
Geomorphology, 45, 197–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00154-4, 2002.
Redman C. L.: Human impact on ancient environments, University of Arizona
Press, Tucson, 256 pp., ISBN 978-0816519637, 1999.
Reimer, P., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C.
B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M.,
Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason H., Hajdas, I., Hatte, C., Heaton, T. J.,
Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B.,
Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M.,
Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.:
IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50 000 years cal
BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947, 2013.
Remesal Rodríguez, J.: Die politische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung
der Baetica in der Kaiserzeit, Madrider Mitteilungen, 61, 115–132, 2020.
Ribeiro, A., Munhá, J., Fonseca, P. E., Araújo, A., Pedro, J.C.,
Mateus, A., Tassinari, C., Machado, G., and Jesus, A.: Variscan ophiolite
belts in the Ossa-Morena Zone (Southwest Iberia): Geological
characterization and geodynamic significance, Gondwana Res., 17,
408–421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.09.005, 2010.
Risch, A. C., Wirthner, S., Busse M. D., Page-Dumroese, D. S., and Schütz
M.: Grubbing by wild boars (Sus scrofa) and its impact on hardwood forest
soil carbon dioxide emissions in Switzerland, Oecologia, 164, 773–784,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1665-6, 2010.
Rodríguez-Pascua, M. A., Pérez-López, R., Silva, P. G.,
Giner-Robles, J. L., Garduño-Monroy, V. H., and Reicherter, K.: A
comprehensive classification of Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAE) for
archaeoseismology: application to ancient remains of Roman and Mesoamerican
cultures, Quatern. Int., 242, 20–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.044, 2011.
Ruiz-Bueno, M. D.: Actividad sísmica en el mediodía ibérico
durante el siglo III d.C. La incidencia arqueológica en Corduba
(Córdoba), Pyrenae, 48, 29–51, https://doi.org/10.1344/Pyrenae2017.vol48num2.2, 2017.
Sanz, T., Sampelayo, H., and Ledesma Garcia, F.: Mapa Geológica de
España. Escala 1 : 50.000, edited by: Instituto geológico y minero de España (IGME), 941, 13–38, 1973.
Schattner, T. G.: Munigua: Cuarenta años de investigaciones, Sevilla:
Junta de Andalucía, Instituto Arqueológico Alemán, 335 pp., ISBN 84-8266-364-X, 2003.
Schattner, T. G.: Die Wiederentdeckung von Munigua: Abriss der
Forschungsgeschichte, Madrider Mitteilungen, 46, 267–288, 2005.
Schattner, T. G.: Antike “Mondlandschaften”, Archäologie
Weltweit, 7, 26–31, 2019a.
Schattner, T. G.: Munigua: Un recorrido por la arqueología del
Municipium Flavium Muniguense, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla-Secretariado
de Publicaciones, Sevilla, 225 pp., ISBN 978-8447219179, 2019b.
Schattner, T. G., Ovejero Zappino, G., and Pérez Macías, J. A.:
Avances sobre la producción metalúrgica en Munigua, Habis, 36,
253–276, 2005.
Scherer, S., Höpfer, B., Deckers, K., Fischer, E., Fuchs, M., Kandeler, E., Lechterbeck, J., Lehndorff, E., Lomax, J., Marhan, S., Marinova, E., Meister, J., Poll, C., Rahimova, H., Rösch, M., Wroth, K., Zastrow, J., Knopf, T., Scholten, T., and Kühn, P.: Middle Bronze Age land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland – a multi-proxy study of colluvial deposits, archaeological features and peat bogs, SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021.
Schiemann, E.: Weizen, Roggen, Gerste. Systematik, Geschichte und
Verwendung, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 102 pp., 1948.
Schüller, H.: Die CAL-Methode, eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung des
pflanzenverfügbaren Phosphates in Böden, Zeitschrift für
Pflanzenernährung, Düngung und Bodenkunde, 123, 48–63, 1969.
Semmel, A.: Grundzüge der Bodengeographie, Teubner, Stuttgart, 101 pp.,
ISBN 978-3519134084, 1977.
Strauss, G. K. and Madel, J.: Geology of massive sulphide deposits in the
Spanish-Portuguese Pyrite Belt, Geol. Rundsch., 63, 191–211, 1974.
Teichner, F.: Spuren islamischer Besiedlung auf dem Castillo de Mulva
(Villanueva del Río y Minas, prov. Sevilla)?, Madrider Mitteilungen,
39, 336–355, 1998.
Teichner, F. and Peña Cervantes, Y.: Archäologisches zur Herstellung
von Olivenöl und Wein im römischen Hispanien, Bonner Jahrbücher,
210/211, 375–458, 2012.
Tomás García, L. J.: La Minería sevillana del carbón.
Minas de La Reunión y la Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de
M.Z.A, Diputación Provincial de Sevilla, Sevilla, ISBN 84-7798-059-4, 1991.
Tornos, F., Inverno, C. M. C., Casquet, C., Mateus, A., Ortiz, G., and
Olivera, V.: The metallogenic evolution of the Ossa-Morena Zone, J. Iber. Geol., 30, 143–181, 2004.
Tsartsidou, G., Lev-Yadun, S., Albert, R.-M., Miller-Rosen, A., Efstratiou,
N., and Weiner, S.: The phytolith archaeological record: strengths and
weaknesses evaluated based on a quantitative modern reference collection
from Greece, J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 1262–1275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.017, 2007.
Twiss, P. C., Suess, E., and Smith, R. M.: Morphological classification of
grass phytoliths, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Pro., 33, 109–115, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300010030x, 1969.
Ullrich, B., Meyer, C., and Weller, A.: Geoelektrik und Georadar in der
archäologischen Forschung: geophysikalische 3D-Untersuchungen in Munigua
(Spanien), in: Einführung in die Archäometrie, edited by: Wagner, G.
A., Springer, 76–93, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71937-3, 2007.
Weihrauch, C.: Phosphor-Dynamiken in Böden. Grundlagen, Konzepte und
Untersuchungen zur räumlichen Verteilung des Nährstoffs, Springer
Spektrum, Wiesbaden, 369 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22348-9,
2018.
Wirthner, S., Frey, B., Busse, M. D., Schütz M., and Risch A. C.: Effects
of wild boar (Sus scrofa) rooting on the bacterial community structure in
mixed-hardwood forest soils in Switzerland, Eur. J. Soil Biol., 47, 296–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.07.003, 2011.
Zádorová, T. and Penížek, V.: Formation, morphology and
classification of colluvial soils: A review, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 69, 577–591,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12673 2018.
Zazo, C., Dabrio, C. J., Goy, J. L., Lario, J., Cabero, A., Silva, P. G.,
Bardají, T., Mercier, N., Borja, F., and Roquero, E.: The coastal
archives of the last 15ka in the Atlantic–Mediterranean Spanish linkage
area: Sea level and climate changes, Quatern. Int., 181, 72–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.05.021, 2008.
Short summary
Our results indicate that the soils around Munigua currently have the potential for at least limited agricultural use in larger areas and would certainly allow the production of basic agricultural goods, not only today but most likely also in Roman times. Multi-layered colluvial deposits. as well as an excavated Roman hortic Anthrosol, indicate a long-term agrarian utilization of the area. Based on these results we can conclude that the city's economy was by no means focused solely on mining.
Our results indicate that the soils around Munigua currently have the potential for at least...