Articles | Volume 68, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-215-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-215-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jan 2020
Research article |
| 09 Jan 2020
| 09 Jan 2020
Sediment-filled karst depressions and riyad – key archaeological environments of south Qatar
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Geological Survey of Belgium, OD Earth and History of Life, Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Stefanie Rückmann
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Philipp Drechsler
Section for Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of
Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Dominik Brill
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Stephan Opitz
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Jörg W. Fassbinder
Geophysics Section, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
Archaeological Prospection Section, Bavarian State Department for
Monuments and Sites, 80539 Munich, Germany
Anna Pint
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Kim Peis
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Dennis Wolf
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Christoph Gerber
Institute of Prehistory, Protohistory and Near-Eastern Archaeology,
University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Kristina Pfeiffer
Orient Department, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), 14195
Berlin, Germany
Ricardo Eichmann
Orient Department, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), 14195
Berlin, Germany
Helmut Brückner
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Related authors
Andreas Peffeköver, Max Engel, Stephan Opitz, Anja Zander, Maarten Van Daele, Pedro J. M. Costa, Sue Dawson, Rikza N. F. An Nahar, Juliane Scheder, Vanessa M. A. Heyvaert, Marc De Batist, and Dominik Brill
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3279, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3279, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geochronology (GChron).
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first chronology for offshore tsunami evidence from the Shetland Islands (United Kingdom) based on luminescence dating, addressing critical methodological challenges. Our results confirm sedimentary evidence of both the Storegga tsunami and a late-Holocene tsunami event. Our study demonstrates both the potential of luminescence dating for offshore tsunami deposits and the benefits of the associated chronologies for tsunami hazard assessment for the North Sea region.
Felix Henselowsky, Annette Kadereit, Manuel Herzog, Barbara Tuczek, Heinrich Thiemeyer, Olaf Bubenzer, and Max Engel
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 75, 33–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-33-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-33-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The marshy, silted-up channel of the Late Glacial Bergstraßenneckar near Mannheim provided a rare source of clay in the sand- and gravel-dominated environment of the Rhine river. Based on satellite images, sedimentological, geophysical, and historical data, as well as optical dating, we identify a plot of sand-filled trenches where clay was mined around 1865 CE, which was only possible after groundwater lowering resulting from large-scale river regulation starting in the early 19th century.
Rónadh Cox, Mary C. Bourke, Max Engel, Andrew B. Kennedy, Annie Lau, Serge Suanez, Sarah J. Boulton, Maria Alexandra Oliveira, Raphaël Paris, Dimitra Salmanidou, Michaela Spiske, Wayne Stephenson, Storm Roberts, Adam D. Switzer, Nadia Mhammdi, Niamh D. Cullen, and Masashi Watanabe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4203–4226, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4203-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4203-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal boulder deposits record extreme wave events, both storm and tsunami. Fully understanding hazards as recorded in these deposits requires high-quality data for comparison among sites and over time. We analysed methodologies and constructed a comprehensive set of field measurements to improve data consistency and reproducibility. We aim to help geomorphologists produce of data that can be widely shared and used to build extensive analytic understanding of coastal boulder deposits.
Max Engel, Felix Henselowsky, Fabian Roth, Annette Kadereit, Manuel Herzog, Stefan Hecht, Susanne Lindauer, Olaf Bubenzer, and Gerd Schukraft
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The late-glacial Bergstraßenneckar is a former course of the Neckar River in the Upper Rhine Graben of southwest Germany at a time when the confluence with the Rhine river was 50 km further to the north. The former river bends are still visible in topographic maps and satellite imagery. Sediment cores and geophysical measurements from the former river channels let us reconstruct the shift from a running river to silting-up meanders and permit us to date this to ca. 11 000 to 10 500 years ago.
Andreas Peffeköver, Max Engel, Stephan Opitz, Anja Zander, Maarten Van Daele, Pedro J. M. Costa, Sue Dawson, Rikza N. F. An Nahar, Juliane Scheder, Vanessa M. A. Heyvaert, Marc De Batist, and Dominik Brill
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3279, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3279, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geochronology (GChron).
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first chronology for offshore tsunami evidence from the Shetland Islands (United Kingdom) based on luminescence dating, addressing critical methodological challenges. Our results confirm sedimentary evidence of both the Storegga tsunami and a late-Holocene tsunami event. Our study demonstrates both the potential of luminescence dating for offshore tsunami deposits and the benefits of the associated chronologies for tsunami hazard assessment for the North Sea region.
Verena Foerster, Asfawossen Asrat, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Erik T. Brown, Alan Deino, Asfaw Erbello, Markus L. Fischer, Daniel Gebregiorgis, Annett Junginger, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Christine S. Lane, Stephan Opitz, Anders Noren, Helen M. Roberts, Ralph Tiedemann, Céline-Marie Vidal, Finn Viehberg, Ralf Vogelsang, Charlotte Zachow, Bahru Zinaye, Andrew S. Cohen, Henry F. Lamb, Frank Schaebitz, and Martin H. Trauth
Sci. Dril., 35, 61–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-35-61-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-35-61-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
To explore links between human evolution and environmental change, the Chew Bahir basin in southern Ethiopia, a sedimentary climate archive, was investigated through a series of scientific drilling expeditions. We share key lessons from planning, site selection, drilling strategy and core processing, with a focus on the awards and challenges in collecting and merging twin sediment cores into a near-continuous record to provide practical lessons for future projects.
Felix Henselowsky, Annette Kadereit, Manuel Herzog, Barbara Tuczek, Heinrich Thiemeyer, Olaf Bubenzer, and Max Engel
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 75, 33–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-33-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-33-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The marshy, silted-up channel of the Late Glacial Bergstraßenneckar near Mannheim provided a rare source of clay in the sand- and gravel-dominated environment of the Rhine river. Based on satellite images, sedimentological, geophysical, and historical data, as well as optical dating, we identify a plot of sand-filled trenches where clay was mined around 1865 CE, which was only possible after groundwater lowering resulting from large-scale river regulation starting in the early 19th century.
Linda Andrea Elisabeth Maßon, Simon Matthias May, Svenja Riedesel, Willem Marijn van der Meij, Stephan Opitz, Andreas Peffeköver, and Tony Reimann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5895, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5895, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated geomorphological activity and stability of surfaces and soils along a climatic transect in the Atacama Desert. Single grain luminescence data and sediment analyses reveal recent deposition and shallow post-depositional mixing. Two distinct phases of enhanced activity align with previously reported wetter intervals, demonstrating the sensitivity of arid landscape dynamics to climatic variability.
Rónadh Cox, Mary C. Bourke, Max Engel, Andrew B. Kennedy, Annie Lau, Serge Suanez, Sarah J. Boulton, Maria Alexandra Oliveira, Raphaël Paris, Dimitra Salmanidou, Michaela Spiske, Wayne Stephenson, Storm Roberts, Adam D. Switzer, Nadia Mhammdi, Niamh D. Cullen, and Masashi Watanabe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4203–4226, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4203-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4203-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal boulder deposits record extreme wave events, both storm and tsunami. Fully understanding hazards as recorded in these deposits requires high-quality data for comparison among sites and over time. We analysed methodologies and constructed a comprehensive set of field measurements to improve data consistency and reproducibility. We aim to help geomorphologists produce of data that can be widely shared and used to build extensive analytic understanding of coastal boulder deposits.
Linda A. E. Maßon, Svenja Riedesel, Stephan Opitz, Anja Zander, Anthony Bell, Hanna Cieszynski, and Tony Reimann
Geochronology, 7, 475–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-475-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-475-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate different methods for the potassium (K) concentration determination in feldspars and the impact of the K concentrations on dose rate calculations for feldspar luminescence dating. Our results show discrepancies between published K concentrations and our measured K concentrations. Therefore, we emphasize measuring K concentrations via bulk measurements and single-grain techniques to obtain more accurate results.
Katharina Seeger, Philip S. J. Minderhoud, Andreas Peffeköver, Anissa Vogel, Helmut Brückner, Frauke Kraas, Nay Win Oo, and Dominik Brill
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2257–2281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate elevation data is essential for flood risk assessment. We assess land elevation to local mean sea level of the Ayeyarwady Delta with a new, local DEM based on geodetic data and evaluate the performance of 10 global DEMs in an SLR impact assessment. Our study reveals major differences in performance between global DEMs and consequentially introduced uncertainty in SLR impact assessments, indicating potential similar uncertainties for other data-poor coastal lowlands around the world.
Stephan Pötter, Katharina Seeger, Christiane Richter, Dominik Brill, Mathias Knaak, Frank Lehmkuhl, and Philipp Schulte
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-77-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-77-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed a wetland environment for a late Middle to Upper Pleniglacial (approx. 30–20 ka) loess sequence in western Germany. Typically, these sequences reveal terrestrial conditions with soil formation processes during this time frame. The here-investigated section, however, was influenced by periodical flooding, leading to marshy conditions and a stressed ecosystem. Our results show that the landscape of the study area was much more fragmented during this time than previously thought.
Max Engel, Felix Henselowsky, Fabian Roth, Annette Kadereit, Manuel Herzog, Stefan Hecht, Susanne Lindauer, Olaf Bubenzer, and Gerd Schukraft
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The late-glacial Bergstraßenneckar is a former course of the Neckar River in the Upper Rhine Graben of southwest Germany at a time when the confluence with the Rhine river was 50 km further to the north. The former river bends are still visible in topographic maps and satellite imagery. Sediment cores and geophysical measurements from the former river channels let us reconstruct the shift from a running river to silting-up meanders and permit us to date this to ca. 11 000 to 10 500 years ago.
Stephanie Scheidt, Matthias Lenz, Ramon Egli, Dominik Brill, Martin Klug, Karl Fabian, Marlene M. Lenz, Raphael Gromig, Janet Rethemeyer, Bernd Wagner, Grigory Federov, and Martin Melles
Geochronology, 4, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Levinson-Lessing Lake in northern central Siberia provides an exceptional opportunity to study the evolution of the Earth's magnetic field in the Arctic. This is the first study carried out at the lake that focus on the palaeomagnetic record. It presents the relative palaeointensity and palaeosecular variation of the upper 38 m of sediment core Co1401, spanning ~62 kyr. A comparable high-resolution record of this time does not exist in the Eurasian Arctic.
Cited articles
Al-Hinai, K. G., McMahon Moore, J., and Bush, P. R.: LANDSAT image enhancement study of possible submerged sand-dunes in the Arabian Gulf, Int. J. Remote Sens., 8, 251–258, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168708948639, 1987.
Al-Naimi, F. A., Cuttler, R., Arrock, H., and Roberts, H.: A possible Upper
Palaeolithic and Early Holocene flint scatter at Ra's 'Ushayriq, western
Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 40, 35–39, 2010.
Al-Naimi, F., Price, K. M., Cuttler, R., and Arrock, H.: Reassessing
Wādī Debayan (Wādī al-Ḍabay'ān): an important Early
Holocene Neolithic multi-occupational site in western Qatar, Proc. Sem.
Arab. Stud., 41, 239–244, 2011.
Al-Saad, H.: Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Eocene Dammam Formation in
Qatar, Arabian Gulf: Effects of sea-level fluctuations along a tidal
environment, J. Asian Earth Sci., 25, 781–789,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.07.009, 2005.
Al Senafi, F. and Anis, A.: Shamals and climate variability in the Northern
Arabian/Persian Gulf from 1973 to 2012, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 4509–4528,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4302, 2015.
Al-Yousef, M.: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and the origin of Quaternary sabkhas
in the Qatar Peninsula, Arabian Gulf, PhD thesis, Faculty of Earth
Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, 438 pp., 2003.
Babikir, A. A. A.: The vegetation of natural depressions in Qatar in
relation to climate and soil, J. Arid Environ., 10, 165–173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31236-9, 1986.
Batanouny, K. H.: Ecology and flora of Qatar, Alden Press, Oxford, 1981.
Benazzouz, M. T.: Hamada, in: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, edited by:
Goudie, A., Routledge, London, 512–513, 2004.
Beresford-Jones, D., Lewis, H., and Boreham, S.: Linking cultural and
environmental change in Peruvian prehistory: Geomorphological survey of the
Samaca Basin, Lower Ica Valley, Peru, Catena, 78, 234–249,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.12.010, 2009.
Bibby, G.: Arabian Archaeology, Kuml, 15, 133–152, 1965.
Billeaud, I., Caline, B., Livas, B., Tessier, B., Davaud, E., Frébourg,
G., Hasler, C.-A., Laurier, D., and Pabian-Goyheneche, C.: The
carbonate-evaporite lagoon of Al Dakhirah (Qatar): an example of a modern
depositional model controlled by longshore transport, Geol. Soc. London
Spec. Pub., 388, 561–588, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP388.7, 2014.
Blott, S. J. and Pye, K.: GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and
statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 26, 1237–1248, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261, 2001.
Breeze, P. S., Groucutt, H. S., Drake, N. A., Louys, J., Scerri, E. M. L.,
Armitage, S. J., Zalmout, I. S. A., Memesh, A. M., Haptari, M. A., Soubhi,
S. A., Matari, A.H., Zahir, M., Al-Omari, A., Alsharekh, A. M., and
Petraglia, M. D.: Prehistory and palaeoenvironments of the western Nefud
Desert, Saudi Arabia, Archaeol. Asia, 10, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2017.02.002, 2017.
Brückner, H.: Wasserstraßen im Wüstensand, Antike Welt, 44,
18–24, 2013.
Buckley, D. G.: The excavation of seven cairns on the Ras Aburuk peninsula,
in: Qatar Archaeological Report – Excavations 1973, edited by: De Cardi,
B., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 120–135, 1978.
Carter Jr., R. and Killick, R. (Eds.): Al-Khor Island: Investigating
Coastal Exploitation in Bronze Age Qatar, Moonrise Press, Ludlow, UK, 2010.
Cavalier, C.: Geological description of the Qatar Peninsula (Arabian Gulf), Government of Qatar, Department of Petroleum Affaires, Doha, 1970.
Cuttler, R., Tetlow, E., and Al-Naimi, F.: Assessing the value of
palaeoenvironmental data and geomorphological processes for understanding
Late Quaternary population dynamics in Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 41,
47–60, 2011.
Cuttler, R., Al-Naimi, F., and Tetlow, E.: Typological and chronological
variation of burial in Qatar: 'Ubaid to late pre-Islamic, Proc. Sem. Arab.
Stud., 43, 99–109, 2013.
Cuttler, R. T. and Al Naimi, F. A.: From land-locked desert to maritime
nation: Landscape evolution and taphonomic Pathways in Qatar from 14 ka,
Adumatu, 28, 7–22, 2013.
De Cardi, B. (Ed.): Qatar Archaeological Report, Excavations 1973, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, UK, 1978.
Dinies, M., Plessen, B., Neef, R., and Kürschner, H.: When the
desert was green: Grassland expansion during the early Holocene in
northwestern Arabia, Quatern. Int., 382, 293–302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.007, 2015.
Dinies, M., Neef, R., Plessen, B., and Kürschner, H.: Holocene
vegetation in northwestern Arabia – changing natural resources, in:
Actualités des recherches archéologiques en Arabie, edited by: Goy,
J., Bessenay-Prolonge, J., Betouche, A., Decaix, A., Havé, A., Hiblot,
S., Perriot, C., and Pichon, F., Routes de l'Orient, Hors-Séries, 2,
1–19, 2016.
Drechsler, P.: The Palaeolithic and Neolithic in South Qatar, Insights from
Two Seasons in the Field, Z. Orient Archäol., 7, 276–289, 2014.
Drechsler, P., Berthold, C., Al-Naimi, F. A., and Eichmann, R.: Ceremonial
objects or household items? Non-destructive μ-XRD 2 and μ-XRF
studies on three Neolithic hematite axes from Qatar, Arab. Archaeol. Epigr.,
24, 119–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/aae.12029, 2013.
Drechsler, P., Engel, M., Brill, D., and Gerber, C.: The Asaila depression,
an archaeological landscape in Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 46, 98–106,
2016.
Edens, C.: Towards a definition of the western Rub al-Khali “Neolithic”,
Atlal, 6, 109–124, 1982.
Edens, C.: The Rub al-Khali “Neolithic” revisited: the view from Nadqan, in:
Araby the Blest, edited by: Potts, D. T., CNI Publications, Copenhagen, 5–43,
1988.
Edens, C.: Khor Ile-Sud, Qatar: The archaeology of Late Bronze Age
purple-dye production in the Arabian Gulf, Iraq, 61, 71–88,
https://doi.org/10.2307/4200468, 1999.
Eichmann, R., Gerlach, I., Drechsler, P., Pfeiffer, K., and Gerber, C.:
Joint Qatari-German project – Exploration and visualization of cultural
heritage in south Qatar, World Herit., 72, 78–87, 2014.
Embabi, N. S. and Ashour, M. M.: Barchan dunes in Qatar, J. Arid Environ.,
25, 49–69, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1042, 1993.
Engel, M. and Brückner, H.: The South Qatar Survey Project (SQSP):
Preliminary findings on Holocene coastal changes and geoarchaeological
archives, Z. Orient Archäol., 7, 290–301, 2014.
Engel, M. and Brückner, H.: Holocene climate variability of Mesopotamia
and its impact on the history of civilization, EarthArXiv,
https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/s2aqt, 2018.
Engel, M., Brückner, H., Pint, A., Wellbrock, K., Ginau, A., Voss, P.,
Grottker, M., Klasen, N., and Frenzel, P.: The early Holocene humid period
in NW Saudi Arabia – evidence from sediments, microfossils and
palaeo-hydrological modelling, Quatern. Int., 266, 131–141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.028, 2012.
Engel, M., Matter, A., Parker, A. G., Parton, A., Petraglia, M. D., Preston,
G. W., and Preusser, F.: Lakes or wetlands? A comment on “The middle Holocene
climatic records from Arabia: Reassessing lacustrine environments, shift of
ITCZ in Arabian Sea, and impacts of the southwest Indian and African
monsoons” by Enzel et al., Global Planet. Change, 148, 258–267,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.11.001, 2017.
Engel, M., Boesl, F., and Brückner, H.: Migration of barchan dunes in
Qatar–controls of the Shamal, teleconnections, sea-level changes and human
impact, Geosciences, 8, 240, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070240, 2018.
Enzel, Y., Kushnir, Y., and Quade, J.: The middle Holocene climatic
records from Arabia: reassessing lacustrine environments, shift of ITCZ in
Arabian Sea, and impacts of the southwest Indian and African monsoons,
Global Planet. Change, 129, 69–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.03.004,
2015.
Fassbinder, J. W. E.: Seeing beneath the farmland, steppe and desert soil:
Magnetic prospecting and soil magnetism, J. Archaeol. Sci., 56, 85–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.023, 2015.
Fassbinder, J. W. E.: Magnetometry for Archaeology, in: Encyclopedia of
Geoarchaeology, edited by: Gilbert, A. S., Springer, Dordrecht, 499–514,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_169, 2017.
Fleitmann, D., Burns, S. J., Mangini, A., Mudelsee, M., Kramers, J., Villa,
I., Neff, U., Al-Subbary, A. A., Buettner, A., Hippler, D., and Matter, A.:
Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman
and Yemen (Socotra), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 170–188,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.012, 2007.
Fryberger, S. G., Schenk, C. J., and Krystinik, L. F.: Stokes surfaces and
the effects of near-surface groundwater-table on aeolian deposition,
Sedimentology, 35, 21–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1988.tb00903.x, 1988.
Gerber, C., Drechsler, P., Yaşin-Meier, D., Brückner, H., Engel, M.,
Tiltmann, S., Atas, N., Bley, J., Daitche, J., Hörwarthner, D., Lienig,
A., Reising, R., and Riesenberg, M.: The South Qatar Survey Project (SQSP)
– Final Report of the 2013 Spring Season. Qatar Museums (Doha) & German
Archaeological Institute (Berlin), 141 pp., 2013.
Gerber, C., Drechsler, P., Yasin-Meier, D., Brückner, H., Engel, M.,
Meier, D. M. P., Götzelt, T., Daitche, J., Hörwarthner, D., Lienig,
A., Reising, R., and Tiltmann, S.: The German-Qatari South Qatar Survey
Project: The 2012–2013 Season, Z. Orient Archäol., 7, 248–275, 2014.
Ginau, A., Engel, M., and Brückner, H.: Holocene chemical precipitates
in the continental sabkha of Tayma (NW Saudi Arabia), J. Arid Environ., 84,
26–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.03.020, 2012.
Glob, P. V.: Oldtidsfund i Qatar, Kuml, 7, 167–178, 1958.
Goudie, A. (Ed.): Nebkha, in: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Routledge, London, 708, 2004a.
Goudie, A. (Ed.): Stone pavement, in: Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Routledge, London, 998–999, 2004b.
Guagnin, M., Jennings, R., Eager, H., Parton, A., Stimpson, C., Groucutt, H.
S., Drake, N. A., Pfeiffer, M., Stepanek, C., Alsharekh, A., and Petraglia,
M. D.: Rock art imagery as a proxy for Holocene environmental change: a view
from Shuwaymis, NW Saudi Arabia, Holocene, 26, 1822–1834,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616645949, 2016.
Guérin, A. and Al-Naimi, F.: Territory and settlement patterns during
the Abbasid period (ninth century AD): the village of Murwab (Qatar), Proc.
Sem. Arab. Stud., 39, 181–196, 2009.
Heberger, M. and Donnelly, K.: Oil, Food, and Water: Challenges and
Opportunities for California Agriculture, Technical Report, Pacific
Institute, Oakland, 2015.
Inizan, M.-L. (Ed.): Préhistoire à Qatar. Mission archéologique
française à Qatar (2), Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations,
Paris, France, 1988.
Izquierdo Zamora, Á., Cuttler, R. T. H., and Al-Naimi, F. A.:
Prehistoric and pre-Islamic burial archaeology in Qatar: new results and
perspectives, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 45, 159–173, 2015.
Jennings, R. P., Singarayer, J., Stone, E. J., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Khon, V.,
Nisancioglu, K. H., Pfeiffer, M., Zhang, X., Parker, A., Parton, A.,
Groucutt, H. S., White, T. S., Drake, N. A., and Petraglia, M. D.: The
greening of Arabia: multiple opportunities for human occupation of the
Arabian Peninsula during the late Pleistocene inferred from an ensemble of
climate model simulations, Quatern. Int., 382, 181–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.006, 2015.
Kainert, C. and Drechsler, P.: An interplay of imports and local
traditions? The pottery assemblage from Dosariyah, Saudi Arabia, Proc. Sem.
Arab. Stud., 44, 213–226, 2014.
Kapel H.: Atlas of the Stone-Age Cultures of Qatar. Reports of the Danish
Archaeological Expedition to the Arabian Gulf, Jutland Archaeol. Soc. Pub.,
6, 5–43, 1967.
Konishi, M., Gotoh, T., and Akashi, Y.: Archaeological researches in the
Gulf – A Preliminary Report of the Excavations in Bahrain and Qatar, 1987/8
Season, Orient, 24, 18–46, https://doi.org/10.5356/orient1960.24.18, 1988.
Lambeck, K.: Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last
glacial maximum, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 142, 43–57,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00069-6, 1996.
Lloyd, J. W., Pike, J. G., Eccleston, B. L., and Chidley, T. R. E.: The
hydrogeology of complex lens conditions in Qatar, J. Hydrol., 89, 239–258,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90181-8, 1987.
Macumber, P. G.: A geomorphological and hydrological underpinning for
archaeological research in northern Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 41,
187–200, 2011.
Macumber, P. G.: An examination of the impact of environmental disparity on
the occupation of Qatar – Season 4, Copenhagen University Study of the
Archaeology of Qatar, unpublished report, 96 pp., 2012.
Macumber, P. G.: Water heritage in Qatar, in: Cultural Heritages of Water:
Thematic Study on The Cultural Heritages of Water in the Middle East and
Maghreb, edited by: UNESCO World Heritage Convention, UNESCO, 223–239,
2015.
Macumber, P. G.: Sea level and climatic influences on the occupation of
Qatar and the Gulf during the Holocene period, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 48,
201–217, 2018.
McPhillips, S., Rosendahl, S., and Morgan, V.: Abbasid rural settlement in
northern Qatar: seasonal tribal exploitation of an arid environment?, Proc.
Sem. Arab. Stud., 45, 185–197, 2015.
Muhesen, S. and Al-Naimi, F.: Archaeological heritage of pre-Islamic Qatar,
World Herit., 72, 46–53, 2014.
Neugebauer, I., Dinies, M., Plessen, B., Dräger, N., Brauer, A.,
Frenzel, P., Gleixner, G., Hoelzmann, P., Krahn, K., Pint, A, Schwab, V.F.,
Schwarz, A., Tjallingii, R., and Engel, M.: The Early Holocene Humid Period
in N Arabia – proxy evidence from a unique varved lake record, Geophys.
Res. Abstr., 20, EGU2018-15815, 2018.
Norton, J., Abdul Majid, S., Allan, D., Al Safran, M., Böer, B, and
Richer, R.: An Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar, Ashford Colour
Press Ltd, Gosport, 2009.
Oates, J.: 'Ubaid Mesopotamia and its relation to Gulf countries, in: Qatar
Archaeological Report – Excavations 1973, edited by: De Cardi, B., Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 39–52, 1978.
Parker, A. G., Preston, G. W., Parton, A., Walkington, H., Jardine, P. E.,
Leng, M. J., and Hodson, M. J.: Low latitude Holocene hydroclimate derived
from lake sediment flux and geochemistry, J. Quaternary Sci., 31, 296 –299,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2859, 2016.
Parker, A. G., Armitage, S. J., Engel, M., Morley, M. W., Parton, A.,
Preston, G. W., and Russ, H.: Geomorphology, geoarchaeology and
palaeoenvironments, in: Dosariyah – An Arabian Neolithic Coastal Community
in the Central Gulf, edited by: Drechsler, P., Archaeopress, Oxford, UK,
21–55, 2018.
Parton, A., Clark-Balzan, L., Parker, A. G., Preston, G.W., Sung, W. W.,
Breeze, P. S., Leng, M. J., Groucutt, H. S., White, T. S., Alsharekh, A.,
and Petraglia, M. D.: Middle-late Quaternary palaeoclimate variability from
lake and wetland deposits in the Nefud Desert, Northern Arabia, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 202, 78–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.010, 2018.
Pelegrin, J. and Inizan, M.-L.: Soft hammerstone percussion use in
bidirectional blade-tool production at Acila 36 and in bifacial knapping at
Shagra (Qatar), Arab. Archaeol. Epigr., 24, 79–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/aae.12016,
2013.
Perthuisot, J.-P.: Contribution à l'étude du Quaternaire marine de
la péninsule de Qatar, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, S7-XIX, 1167–1170,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XIX.5.1167, 1977.
Perthuisot, J.-P.: Le Quaternaire de la péninsule, données
liminaires et hypothèses, in: Mission archéologique à Qatar,
tome 1, edited by: Tixier, J., Doha, 11–31, 1980.
Pfeiffer, K.: South Qatar Survey Project, Katar: Archäologische Surveys
in der südlichen Landeshälfte Katars, e-Forschungsber. DAI, 3, 79–82, 2015.
Preston, G. W., Parker, A. G., Walkington, H., Leng, M. J., and Hodson, M.
J.: From nomadic herder-hunters to sedentary farmers: the relationship
between climate change and ancient subsistence strategies in south-eastern
Arabia, J. Arid Environ., 86, 122–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.030,
2012.
Rao, P. G., Al-Sulaiti, M., and Al-Mulla, A. H.: Winter shamals in Qatar,
Arabian Gulf, Weather, 56, 444–451, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06528.x,
2001.
Rees, G., Richter, T., and Walmsley, A.: Investigations in al-Zubārah
hinterland at Murayr and al-Furayḥah, north-west Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab.
Stud., 41, 309–316, 2011.
Rivers, J., Engel, M., Dalrymple, R., Yousif, R., Strohmenger, C. J., and Al‐Shaikh, I.: Are carbonate barrier islands mobile? Insights from a mid to late‐Holocene system, Al Ruwais, northern Qatar, Sedimentology, 67, 534–558, https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12653, 2020.
Sadiq, A. M. and Nasir, S. J.: Middle Pleistocene karst evolution in the
State of Qatar, Arabian Gulf, J. Cave Karst Stud., 64, 132–139, 2002.
Schönicke, J., Tiltmann, S., Drechsler, P., Engel, M., and Pfeiffer, K.:
South Qatar Survey Project (SQSP) Qatari-German Joint Archaeological
Fieldwork by QM (Doha) and DAI (Berlin) – Final Report of the 2016 Spring
Season, Qatar Museums (Doha) & German Archaeological Institute (Berlin),
103 pp., 2016.
Scott-Jackson, J. E., Rose, J. I., Scott-Jackson, W., and Al-Naimi, F.:
Found: the Palaeolithic of Qatar, Proc. Sem. Arab. Stud., 45, 329–336,
2015.
Siart, C., Hecht, S., Holzhauer, I., Altherr, R., Meyer, H. P., Schukraft,
G., Eitel, B., Bubenzer, O., and Panagiotopoulos, D.: Karst depressions as
geoarchaeological archives: The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of
Zominthos (Central Crete), based on geophysical prospection,
sedimentological investigations and GIS, Quatern. Int., 216, 75–92,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.020, 2010.
Smith, G. H.: Test excavations in the oasis of Bir Abaruk, site 3, in: Qatar
Archaeological Report – Excavations 1973, edited by: De Cardi, B., Oxford
University Press, Oxford, UK, 26–34, 1978.
Sonnenfeld, P. and Perthuisot, J.-P.: Brines and Evaporites – Short Course
Presented at the 28th International Geological Congress Washington,
D.C. AGU, Washington, 126 pp., 1989.
State of Qatar (Ed.): Topographic map, 1:50 000, sheets 150/375 &
150/400, State of Qatar, Ministry of Public Works, 1971.
State of Qatar (Ed.): Geological map, 1:100 000, sheets 2–4, State of
Qatar, Industrial Development Technical Centre, 1980.
Strohmenger, C. J. and Jameson, J.: Gypsum stromatolites from Sawda Nathil:
relicts from a southern coastline of Qatar, Carbonate. Evaporite., 33,
169–186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-017-0365-2, 2018.
Tetlow, E., Cuttler, R., Al-Naimi, F., Sheharyer, A., Bouhali, O., Delaney,
L., and Adcock, J.: Landscape visualization, sea-level change, and human
occupation in Wādī Debayān, north-western Qatar, Proc. Sem.
Arab. Stud., 43, 337–348, 2013.
Tixier, J. (Ed.): Mission archéologique française à Qatar i,
Ministry of Information, Doha, Qatar, 1980.
Uerpmann, M.: The Dark Millennium – Remarks on the Final Stone Age in the
Emirates and Oman, in: Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates. Proceedings
of the 1st International Conference on the Archaeology of the U.A.E.,
edited by: Potts, D. T., Al Naboodah, H., and Hellyer, P., Trident Press,
London, UK, 73–84, 2003.
Uerpmann, M. and Uerpmann, H.-P.: Ubaid pottery in the eastern Gulf – new
evidence from Umm al-Qaiwain (U.A.E.), Arab. Archaeol. Epigr., 7, 125–139,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0471.1996.tb00096.x, 1996.
Vita-Finzi, C.: Environmental History, in: Qatar Archaeological Report –
Excavations 1973, edited by: De Cardi, B., Oxford University Press, Oxford,
UK, 11–25, 1978.
Yechieli, Y. and Wood, W.: Hydrogeologic processes in saline systems:
playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes, Earth Sci. Rev., 58, 343–365,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00067-3, 2002.
Yigiterhan, O., Alfoldy, B. Z., Giamberini, M., Turner, J. C., Al-Ansari, E.
S., Abdel-Moati, M. A., Al-Maslamani, I. A., Kotb, M. M., Elobaid, E. A.,
Hassan, H. M., and Obbard, J. P.: Geochemical composition of Aeolian dust and
surface deposits from the Qatar Peninsula, Chem. Geol., 476, 24–45,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.10.030, 2018.
Special issue